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Dortmund German: [ˈdɔʁtmʊnt] listen ; Single party memmingen 2013 Low German : Düörpm [ˈdyːœɐ̯pm̩] ; Latin : Tremonia is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne and Düsseldorfand the eighth-largest city of Germanywith a population ofinhabitants as of It is the largest city by area and population of the RuhrGermany's largest urban area with some 5.
Dortmund is the second-largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg. Founded around[3] Dortmund became an Imperial Free City. Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, and the Netherlands Circle of the Hanseatic League. During the Thirty Years' Warthe single party memmingen 2013 was destroyed and decreased in significance until the onset of industrialization, single party memmingen 2013.
The city then became one of Germany's most important coal, steel and beer centres. Dortmund consequently was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II. These bombing raids, with more than 1, aircraft, hold the record to a single target in World War II. The region has adapted since the collapse of its century-long steel and coal industries and shifted to high-technology biomedical technologymicro systems technologyand also services. Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow, [5] ranked among the twelve innovation cities in European Union [6] and is the most sustainable and digital city in Germany.
Dortmund is home to many cultural and educational institutions, including the Technical University of Dortmund and Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and ArtsInternational School of Management and other educational, cultural and administrative facilities with over 49, students, many museums, such as Museum OstwallMuseum of Art and Cultural HistoryGerman Football Museumas well as theatres and music venues like the Konzerthaus or the Opera House of Dortmund, single party memmingen 2013.
Nearly half the municipal territory consists of waterways, woodland, agriculture and green spaces with spacious parks such as Westfalenpark and Rombergpark. This stands in a stark contrast with nearly a hundred years of extensive coal mining and steel milling in the past.
Borussia Dortmund is one of the most successful German football clubs. Dortmund was first mentioned in the Werden Abbeywhich was built between and single party memmingen 2013 The Single party memmingen 2013 entry reads: In Throtmanni liber homo Arnold viii den nob solvit. German: In Throtmanni zahlt uns der freie Mann Arnold 8 Pfennige and English: In Throtmanni the free man Arnold pays us 8 pfennigs.
Their respective use in the sources appears arbitrary and random. In the course of time the name changed many times: trut muniaThortmanni, Trutmania, single party memmingen 2013, TrotmunniTremonia From the 13th century on, single party memmingen 2013 Dortmunde appeared for the first time, but it was not until a few centuries later that it became generally accepted. In the Middle Agessingle party memmingen 2013 the city had withstood the siege of knights under the leadership of the Archbishop of Cologneit chose as its motto a saying that is still upheld today by traditional societies: So fast as Düörpm.
High German : As firm as Dortmund. In the past, the city was called Dortmond in DutchTremonia in Spanish and Trémoigne in Old French. However, these exonyms have fallen into disuse and the single party memmingen 2013 is now internationally known by its German name of Single party memmingen 2013. The common abbreviation for the name of the city is "DTM", the IATA code single party memmingen 2013 Dortmund Airport.
The Sigiburg was a Saxon hillfort in the South of present-day Dortmund, overlooking the River Ruhr near its confluence with the River Lenne. The ruins of the later Hohensyburg castle now stand on the single party memmingen 2013 of the Sigiburg, single party memmingen 2013.
The hillfort was raised ca. During the Saxon Warsit was taken by the Franks under Charlemagne inretaken by the Saxons possibly under Widukind inand taken again and refortified by Charlemagne in Archaeological evidence suggests the Sigiburg site was also occupied in the Neolithic era, single party memmingen 2013. The first time Dortmund was mentioned in official documents was around as Throtmanni — In throtmanni liber homo arnold[us] viii den[arios] nob[is] soluit [solvit].
After it was destroyed by a fire, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa had the town rebuilt in and resided there among other places for two years.
In St. Mary's Church, Dortmund, and three years later in St. Reinold's Church first mentioned. The combination of crossroad, market place, administrative centre — town hall, made Dortmund an important centre in Westphalia. It became an Imperial Free City and one of the first cities in Europe with an official Brewing right in Afterthe city appeared in writing as "Dorpmunde".
In the years leading up tosingle party memmingen 2013, the English King even borrowed money from well-heeled Dortmund merchant families Berswordt and Klepping, offering the regal crown as security.
Inthe Count of Mark joined forces with the Archbishop of Cologne and issued declarations of a feud against the town. Following a major siege lasting 18 months, peace negotiations took place and Dortmund emerged victorious. In the seat of the first Vehmic court German : Freistuhl was in Dortmund, in a square between two linden treesone of which was known as the Femelinde. With the growing influence single party memmingen 2013 Cologne during the 15th century, the seat was moved to Arnsberg in After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War —74Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle.
This favors the founding of one of the oldest schools in Europe in - Stadtgymnasium Dortmund [ de ]. With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss resolution inDortmund was added to the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda single party memmingen 2013, with as a result that it was no longer a free imperial city. William V, Prince of Orange-Nassau did not want stolen areas and therefore let his son Prince Willem Frederik the later King William I of the Netherlands take possession of the city and the principality.
This prince held its entry on 30 Juneand as such the County of Dortmund then became part of the principality. On 12 Julymost of the Nassau principalities were deprived of their sovereign rights by means of the Rhine treaty. In October of the same year, the County of Dortmund was occupied by French troops and was added to the Grand Duchy of Berg on 1 March It is the capital of the Ruhr department.
In Dortmund becomes capital of French satellite Ruhr department. The state mining authority of the Ruhr area was founded in and moved from Bochum to Dortmund.
Within the Prussian Province of WestphaliaDortmund was a district seat within Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg untilwhen it became an urban district within the region. During the industrialisation of Prussia, Dortmund became a major centre for coal and steel, single party memmingen 2013.
The town expanded into a city, with the population rising from 57, in toin Sprawling residential areas like the North, East, Union and Kreuz district sprang up in less than 10 years.
InDortmund was one of the centres for resistance to the Kapp Putsch - a right military coup launched against the Social Democratic -led government.
Radical workers formed a Red Army who fought the freikorps units involved in the coup. On 11 Januarythe Occupation of the Ruhr was carried out by the invasion of French and Belgian troops into the Ruhr.
The French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré was convinced that Germany failed to comply the demands of the Treaty of Versailles. On the morning of 31 Marchit came to the sad culmination of this French-German confrontation.
Under Nazi Germanythe Old Synagoguewhich had opened inwas destroyed in With a capacity of 1, single party memmingen 2013, seats, it was one of the largest Jewish houses of worship in Germany. Bombing targets of the Oil Campaign of World War II in Dortmund included Hoesch-Westfalenhütte AGthe " Hoesch -Benzin GmbH" synthetic oil plant, and the Zeche Hansa.
The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Dortmund in April The US 95th Infantry Division attacked the city on 12 April against a stubborn German defense. The division, assisted by close air support, advanced through the ruins in urban combat and completed its capture on 13 April Post-war, most of the ancient buildings were not restored, and large parts of the city area were completely rebuilt in the style of the s. A few historic buildings as the main churches Reinoldikirche and Marienkirche were restored or rebuilt, and extensive parks and gardens were laid out.
The simple but successful postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique cityscape. Dortmund was in the British zone of occupation of Germany, and became part of the new state Land of North Rhine-Westphalia in The LWL-Industriemuseum was founded in Dortmund [25] has since adapted, single party memmingen 2013, with its century-long steel and coal industries having been shifted to high-technology areas, including biomedical technologymicro systems technologyand services.
This has led Dortmund to become a regional centre for hi-tech industry. In started a new era for the discrict Hörde in Dortmund, years of industrial history ended with the beginning of the Phoenix See. The development of the Phoenix See area was carried out by a subsidiary of the Stadtwerke AG.
In the first cornerstone was laid on the Phoenix area. The work started with full speed to manage the work with over 2. On 1 Octoberthe largest and most highly anticipated milestone could be celebrated: the launch of the flooding of the Phoenix See. Since 9 Maythe fences disappeared and the Phoenix See has been completed.
On 3 Novembermore than 20, people were evacuated after a 4,pound bomb from World War II was found. German authorities safely defused the bomb. The bomb was found after analysing old aerial photographs while searching for unexploded bombs dropped by Allied aircraft over Germany's industrial Ruhr region, single party memmingen 2013.
Dortmund is an independent city located in the east of the Ruhr area, one of the largest urban areas in Europe see also: megalopoliscomprising eleven independent cities and four districts with some 5.
The city limits of Dortmund itself are 87 km 54 mi long and border twelve cities, two independent and ten kreisangehörig i. The following cities border Dortmund clockwise starting from north-east : Bochumsingle party memmingen 2013, Castrop-RauxelWaltropLünenKamenUnnaHolzwickedeSchwerteHagenHerdecke and Witten, single party memmingen 2013. Historically speaking, Dortmund is a part of Westphalia which is situated in the Single party memmingen 2013 North Rhine-Westphalia, single party memmingen 2013.
Moreover, Dortmund is part of Westphalian Lowland and adjoins with the Ardey Hills in the south of the city to the Sauerland. The Ruhr forms the reservoir on the Hengsteysee single party memmingen 2013 to the borough of Syburg in the south of Dortmund between the cities of Hagen and HerdeckeNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany.
The Klusenberga hill that is part of the Ardey range, is located just north of the Hengsteysee and the highest point of Dortmund There is also a pumped-storage plant on this reservoir, named Koepchenwerk. The lowest point can be found in the northern borough of Brechten at Single party memmingen 2013 Emscher is a small river and has its wellspring in Holzwickedeeast of the city of Dortmund, and flows west through Dortmund.
Towns along the Emscher take in Dortmund, Castrop-RauxelHerneRecklinghausenGelsenkirchensingle party memmingen 2013, EssenBottropOberhausen and Dinslakenwhere it flows into the Rhine.
Dortmund comprises 62 neighbourhoods which in turn are grouped into twelve boroughs called Stadtbezirkeoften named after the most important neighbourhood. Three boroughs cover the area of the inner city Innenstadt-West City centre WestInnenstadt-Nord City centre NorthInnenstadt-Ost City centre East and the remaining nine boroughs make up the surrounding area EvingScharnhorst, Brackel, AplerbeckHördeHombruch, Lütgendortmund, Huckarde, Mengede.
Each Stadtbezirk is assigned a Roman numeral and has a local governing body of nineteen members with limited single party memmingen 2013.
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